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The three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is a numerical technique used for modeling electromagnetic wave propagation through space. It is especially useful for analyzing complex structures and devices that cannot be solved analytically. One of the key features of FDTD is its ability to account for near-field and far-field transformations, which are important for accurately predicting the behavior of electromagnetic waves as they interact with objects in their environment.
In the FDTD method, the space under analysis is divided into small cells, each of which is assigned an electric and magnetic field component. The fields in each cell are updated at each time step based on the values of neighboring cells, using the finite-difference approximation. By repeating this process, the behavior of electromagnetic waves can be simulated over time.
Overall, the FDTD method is a powerful tool for analyzing and designing electromagnetic devices, and has been used in a wide range of applications, including microwave engineering, antenna design, and photonics.