Power Oscillation Damping in Power Systems Using PSS

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Power Oscillation Damping in Power Systems Using PSS

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Power System Stabilizers (PSS) play a crucial role in enhancing the dynamic stability of power systems by mitigating low-frequency oscillations. These oscillations, typically in the range of 0.1–2 Hz, can arise due to disturbances such as sudden load changes, generator tripping, or faults. If left uncontrolled, they may lead to system instability or even blackouts.

The primary function of a PSS is to introduce supplementary damping torque into the generator excitation system. It does this by modulating the generator's excitation voltage based on input signals derived from rotor speed, frequency, or power deviations. This corrective action helps counteract oscillations, improving the overall system response.

Modern PSS designs often employ advanced control techniques, including lead-lag compensation and adaptive tuning, to ensure robustness across varying operating conditions. Properly tuned PSS parameters are essential for effective damping without introducing adverse interactions with other controllers in the grid.

By integrating PSS into power system control schemes, utilities can achieve better transient stability, reduced mechanical stress on turbine-generator shafts, and enhanced power transfer capability—key factors for reliable grid operation.

(Note: This explanation avoids delving into mathematical models or transfer functions, focusing instead on functional principles.)