Water Drought Climate Change and Conflict in Syria

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Water Drought Climate Change and Conflict in Syria

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The intersection of water scarcity, prolonged drought, climate change, and conflict in Syria presents a complex humanitarian and geopolitical crisis. Decades of unsustainable water management, compounded by rising temperatures and reduced rainfall linked to climate change, have severely strained agricultural livelihoods—particularly in Syria’s northeastern “breadbasket” region.

From 2006–2010, the country experienced its worst recorded drought, displacing rural populations and exacerbating urban overcrowding. This environmental stress contributed to pre-existing socioeconomic grievances, fueling unrest during the 2011 uprising. Post-2011, damaged infrastructure and competing control over water resources by warring factions weaponized scarcity, with dams like Alouk becoming strategic flashpoints.

The crisis underscores how climate change acts as a threat multiplier—intensifying resource competition in fragile states. Long-term solutions require integrated water diplomacy, climate-resilient agriculture, and cooperative governance, though ongoing instability obstructs systemic adaptation efforts.